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Charged anesthetics selectively alter plasma membrane order.

W D Sweet, W G Wood, F Schroeder

    Biochemistry
    |May 19, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study directly measured lipid motion in fibroblast plasma membranes, revealing distinct fluidity in the inner and outer leaflets. Specific anesthetic drugs differentially affected these lipid dynamics.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Membrane Biophysics

    Background:

    • Plasma membranes exhibit distinct lipid compositions and structures in their inner (cytofacial) and outer (exofacial) leaflets.
    • Previous indirect evidence suggested differences in lipid fluidity between these leaflets, but direct demonstration was lacking.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To directly investigate and quantify the differences in lipid motion (static and dynamic components) between the exofacial and cytofacial leaflets of LM fibroblast plasma membranes.
    • To examine the effects of specific anesthetic drugs on the differential lipid dynamics of the plasma membrane leaflets.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) for fluorescence measurements.
    • Employed selective fluorescence quenching by trinitrophenyl groups and differential polarized phase fluorescence techniques.

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  • Analyzed static (order parameter) and dynamic (rotational rate) components of DPH motion in individual membrane leaflets.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated significant differences in both static and dynamic properties of DPH motion between the exofacial and cytofacial leaflets.
    • Found that phenobarbital and pentobarbital preferentially affected the exofacial leaflet, while prilocaine affected the cytofacial leaflet.
    • Identified a characteristic phase transition break point in Arrhenius plots, localized to the inner monolayer, which was selectively abolished by prilocaine.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides direct evidence for differential lipid fluidity and dynamics in the two leaflets of the plasma membrane.
    • Anesthetic drugs exhibit leaflet-specific interactions, influencing membrane fluidity in a selective manner.
    • The identified phase transition is associated with the inner leaflet and is sensitive to specific anesthetic agents.