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Related Concept Videos

Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

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Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
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Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.
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Types of Hormones01:21

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Hormones are classified into four main groups: steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid-based derivatives, and peptide hormones.
Steroids and eicosanoids fall under the category of lipid-soluble hormones. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and feature four interconnected carbon rings with variable side chains. Notable examples include estradiol from ovaries and testosterone from testes, exemplifying the critical roles of these lipid-soluble hormones in reproductive physiology. Eicosanoids, derived...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples
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Developments in oligometastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Ken Chow1,2, Patrick McCoy1, Ryan Stuchbery3

  • 1Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, 5th Floor Clinical Sciences Building, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

World Journal of Urology
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The concept of oligometastases, a stable state of metastatic cancer, shows promise for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Aggressive treatment in this state may offer significant clinical benefits and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
GeneticsHormone sensitiveMetastasisOligometastasesProstate cancerReview

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology
  • Cancer Metastasis Research

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death globally, primarily due to metastasis.
  • Current treatment paradigms create a dichotomy between localized curable disease and metastatic disease managed with systemic therapies.
  • The concept of oligometastases, a transitional state between localized and widespread metastatic disease, is gaining traction.

Discussion:

  • Evidence suggests that aggressive treatment during the oligometastatic phase of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer can yield substantial clinical benefits.
  • This approach may potentially 'reset' the cancer's progression, offering a new therapeutic window.
  • The oligometastasis concept has been successfully applied in other cancers like colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancer.

Key Insights:

  • Multiple studies support the existence of a stable 'oligometastatic' state in cancer progression.
  • Understanding the molecular underpinnings of oligometastases is crucial for defining this state.
  • Development of diagnostic tests for the oligometastatic state is a key area of research.

Outlook:

  • Further research into oligometastases in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer will refine our understanding of this state.
  • Molecular definition of the oligometastatic state will enable the development of targeted diagnostic tools.
  • Improved diagnostics and treatments for oligometastatic prostate cancer are expected to significantly benefit patients and reduce the global cancer burden.