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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Thomson's e/m Experiment01:19

Thomson's e/m Experiment

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In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The magnetic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Pediatric thyroid surgery: experience in 75 consecutive thyroidectomies.

Ali Alkhars1, Moumainn Abouzayd2, Charles-Edouard Rouf2

  • 1Services d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico Faciale & ORL pédiatrique, CHRU de TOURS, Université de TOURS, 37044, Tours cedex 9, France. ali_alkhars@yahoo.com.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid surgery in children is rare but carries a higher malignancy risk. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and frozen section analysis have limitations in pediatric thyroid disease, necessitating comprehensive evaluation for surgical decisions.

Keywords:
ChildDifferentiated thyroid cancerFine-needle aspiration biopsyFrozen sectionThyroid noduleThyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Thyroid diseases requiring surgical intervention are uncommon in pediatric patients.
  • Pediatric thyroid surgery presents a higher risk of malignancy compared to adult cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report university hospital experience in surgical management of pediatric thyroid disease.
  • To analyze surgical outcomes and evaluate the efficacy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and frozen section analysis in children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of thyroidectomies in patients under 18 from January 1997 to December 2017.
  • Analysis of surgical indications, pre-operative investigations, surgical techniques, and final pathological diagnoses.
  • Evaluation of FNAB and frozen section accuracy, including sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.

Main Results:

  • 75 pediatric patients (80% female, mean age 13.3 years) underwent thyroidectomy, primarily for thyroid nodules (80%).
  • FNAB showed 62.5% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity; frozen section had 40% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
  • Final pathology revealed thyroid carcinoma in 29.3% of cases, with higher malignancy risk than in adults.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric thyroid surgery requires careful consideration due to higher malignancy rates and diagnostic limitations of FNAB and frozen section.
  • Surgical decisions should integrate all available investigations, as FNAB and frozen section accuracy is lower in pediatric populations.
  • Comprehensive, multidisciplinary management is crucial for pediatric thyroid surgery patients.