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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Sensing
    • Fiber Optic Sensors
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) are crucial for optical sensing.
    • Multiplexing FBGs is essential for large-scale sensing networks.
    • Existing methods face challenges with crosstalk and limited capacity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel method for large-scale multiplexing of FBG arrays.
    • To address spectral-shadowing and multiple-reflection crosstalk.
    • To enhance the capacity and accuracy of distributed fiber optic sensing systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Developing an FBG array with randomly varied characteristic parameters (RVCPs).
    • Controlled random variation of center wavelengths and grating spacings.
    • Utilizing low reflectivity FBGs (<-45 dB).

    Main Results:

    • Achieved large-scale multiplexing of 10,000 FBGs over a 10m fiber.
    • Demonstrated significantly reduced spectral-shadowing and multiple-reflection crosstalk.
    • Improved signal-to-noise ratio and demodulation accuracy in numerical and experimental tests.

    Conclusions:

    • The RVCP-FBG array enables unprecedented multiplexing capacity.
    • This technology significantly enhances the performance of distributed fiber optic sensing.
    • The proposed method offers a robust solution for scalable optical sensing applications.