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Related Concept Videos

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation02:35

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

63.0K
The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor depends on the temperature of the system; a rise in temperature causes a corresponding rise in the vapor pressure of its liquid. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation gives the quantitative relation between a substance’s vapor pressure (P) and its temperature (T); it predicts the rate at which vapor pressure increases per unit increase in temperature.
63.0K
The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time02:39

The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time

41.7K
While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates concentrations of reactants and time. Integrated rate laws can be used to determine the amount of reactant or product present after a period of time or to estimate the time required for a reaction to proceed to a certain extent. For example, an integrated rate law helps determine the length of time a radioactive material must be stored for its...
41.7K
Arrhenius Plots02:34

Arrhenius Plots

47.0K
The Arrhenius equation relates the activation energy and the rate constant, k, for chemical reactions. In the Arrhenius equation, k = Ae−Ea/RT, R is the ideal gas constant, which has a value of 8.314 J/mol·K, T is the temperature on the kelvin scale, Ea is the activation energy in J/mole, e is the constant 2.7183, and A is a constant called the frequency factor, which is related to the frequency of collisions and the orientation of the reacting molecules.
The Arrhenius equation can be used...
47.0K
Reaction Rate02:53

Reaction Rate

63.3K
The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
63.3K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

50.2K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
50.2K
Free Energy and Equilibrium02:56

Free Energy and Equilibrium

27.3K
The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔGrxn is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
Recall that Q is the numerical value of the mass action...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel
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A slippery slope.

Andrew W Gross1, Aroucha Vickers2, Andrew G Lee3

  • 1McGovern Medical School, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|November 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 74-year-old woman with persistent double vision was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This rare presentation highlights the importance of thorough investigation for neurological symptoms.

Keywords:
clivusdiffuse large B-cell lymphomadiplopiaprimary lymphomaskull-base

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Diplopia is a common neurological symptom with diverse etiologies.
  • Chronic, painless horizontal diplopia can be indicative of various underlying conditions.

Observation:

  • A 74-year-old female presented with a 2-year history of progressive, painless, binocular horizontal diplopia.
  • Ophthalmological examination revealed an incomitant esotropia, minor vertical strabismus, and significant excyclotorsion.
  • Standard visual acuity and external eye examinations were normal.

Findings:

  • Diagnostic investigations led to the identification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
  • The ocular motility findings were attributed to the systemic malignancy.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the necessity of comprehensive diagnostic workups for persistent diplopia, even in the absence of other overt symptoms.
  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma can manifest with atypical neurological presentations, including isolated ocular motility disturbances.
  • Early detection and diagnosis of lymphoma are crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.