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Rhino-orbital mucormycosis

Byoung U Ryu1, Noor Adnan Rashid Laylani2, Pamela Davila-Siliezar2

  • 1McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|September 6, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Rhino-orbital mucormycosis (ROM) is an invasive fungal infection increasing globally, particularly in India. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, as delayed care for this condition, often linked to diabetes, can be life-threatening.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Rhino-orbital mucormycosis (ROM) is an angioinvasive fungal infection impacting sinuses and orbits.
  • Global incidence of ROM is rising, with a notable increase in India.
  • Immunosuppression, particularly diabetes mellitus and corticosteroid use (including during COVID-19), are significant risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of rhino-orbital mucormycosis (ROM).
  • To detail the clinical and radiological manifestations of ROM.
  • To discuss the management and prognosis of ROM, including emerging therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and radiological manifestations of ROM.
  • Analysis of current treatment strategies and emerging therapies.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnosis, management, and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • ROM cases are increasing worldwide, especially in India.
  • Delayed diagnosis and treatment of ROM pose significant risks to vision and life.
  • Corticosteroid use, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic, is identified as a potential predisposing factor.

Conclusions:

  • ROM requires a high index of suspicion in patients with immunosuppression, especially uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
  • Ophthalmologists play a key role in the diagnosis and management of ROM.
  • Prompt recognition and intervention are critical for improving patient outcomes in ROM.

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