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Related Concept Videos

Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

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In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Position of Equilibrium in Acid-Base Reactions02:05

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In any solution, the value of pKa indicates whether an acid is completely dissociated or not. A negative pKa corresponds to a stronger acid, whereas a positive pKa corresponds to a weaker acid. Consider the reaction between ammonia and an ethoxide ion. In this reaction, ethanol with a pKa of 15.9 is a stronger acid than ammonia with a pKa of 38. Recall that the strong acid forms a weak conjugate base, and a weak acid forms a strong conjugate base. Hence, the ethoxide ion is a weak base.
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

How to Study Basement Membrane Stiffness as a Biophysical Trigger in Prostate Cancer and Other Age-related Pathologies or Metabolic Diseases
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Pathologically Node-Positive Prostate Carcinoma - Prevalence, Pattern of Care and Outcome From a Population-Based

S Roy1, M Sia1, S Tyldesley2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer-Abbotsford Center, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
|November 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Elevated postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in node-positive prostate cancer patients after surgery are linked to a higher risk of distant metastasis. Monitoring PSA is crucial for tailoring post-radical prostatectomy treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Androgen deprivation therapynode-positive prostate cancerpatterns of carepersistently elevated postoperative PSAradiotherapy

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Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate HoLEP.
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Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate HoLEP.
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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (P-Ca) management requires understanding outcomes for pathologically node-positive (pN+) disease post-radical prostatectomy.
  • Evaluating trends in pN+ P-Ca care and outcomes is essential for improving patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence, care patterns, and outcomes of pN+ P-Ca patients following radical prostatectomy.
  • To identify prognostic factors influencing survival and metastasis-free survival in pN+ P-Ca.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 4723 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy from a provincial cancer registry (2005-2014).
  • Identification of 167 pN+ P-Ca patients, with analysis of postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and treatment modalities.
  • Survival estimation using Kaplan-Meier method and analysis of prognostic factors via univariate and multivariate analyses.

Main Results:

  • Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 89% and 81%, respectively; distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was 77% and 58%.
  • Persistently elevated postoperative PSA (≥0.2 ng/mL) was significantly associated with poorer DMFS (HR 4.4, P=0.002).
  • Sensitivity analyses confirmed the association of elevated postoperative PSA (≥0.1 ng/mL and ≥0.4 ng/mL) with DMFS.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between persistently elevated postoperative PSA and reduced DMFS in pN+ P-Ca patients.
  • Postoperative PSA levels are a critical factor in tailoring treatment strategies for pN+ P-Ca.
  • The study highlights the importance of monitoring PSA for predicting outcomes in node-positive prostate cancer.