Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Relationship Formation02:12

Relationship Formation

46.2K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
46.2K
Ending Relationships01:28

Ending Relationships

189
The dissolution of intimate relationships presents complex emotional and psychological challenges, particularly when emotional bonds are strong, the relationship is long-standing, and perceived alternatives are limited. This distress often intensifies in romantic breakups, where the initiator may experience greater turmoil than the rejected partner. Contributing factors include residual attachment, guilt over causing pain, and uncertainty about how to manage the situation. The stress is further...
189
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

43.4K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
43.4K
Aging01:26

Aging

703
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
703
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.4K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.4K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

883
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
883

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Retrieval-Related Anterior Shift Is Moderated by Age and Correlates with Memory Performance.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2022
Same author

The hippocampus shows an own-age bias during unfamiliar face viewing.

The European journal of neuroscience·2021
Same author

Distinct Neurophysiological Correlates of the fMRI BOLD Signal in the Hippocampus and Neocortex.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2021
Same author

Medial Prefrontal Cortex Has a Causal Role in Selectively Enhanced Consolidation of Emotional Memories after a 24-Hour Delay: A TBS Study.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2021
Same author

Hippocampal Theta Oscillations Support Successful Associative Memory Formation.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2020
Same author

Neural Differentiation is Moderated by Age in Scene-Selective, But Not Face-Selective, Cortical Regions.

eNeuro·2020
Same journal

Representations of subsecond duration-based timing by complex spike synchrony in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The extended language network: Language-responsive brain areas whose contributions to language remain to be discovered.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Cortical and thalamic afferent connectomes distinguish ACC subregions of the macaque brain.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The synaptic vesicle priming protein Munc13 mediates evoked somatodendritic dopamine release.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Speakers with cerebellar ataxia do not adapt speech segment durations in response to durationally altered auditory feedback.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The precision of hippocampal representations predicts incremental value-learning across the adult lifespan.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.6K

The Relationship between Age, Neural Differentiation, and Memory Performance.

Joshua D Koen1,2,3, Nedra Hauck2, Michael D Rugg2,3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, jkoen@nd.edu.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural dedifferentiation, or reduced brain selectivity, is linked to cognitive decline in aging. This study found that reduced neural selectivity in the parahippocampal place area (PPA) predicts episodic memory performance, independent of age.

Keywords:
dedifferentiationlateral occipital complexneural selectivityolder adultsparahippocampal place arearecognition memory

More Related Videos

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.6K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.6K
Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.6K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Healthy aging is characterized by neural dedifferentiation, a decrease in neural selectivity within category-selective cortical regions.
  • This dedifferentiation has been hypothesized to contribute to age-related cognitive decline and is negatively correlated with fluid intelligence in older adults.
  • The vulnerability of episodic memory to aging necessitates an examination of its relationship with neural differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between neural differentiation and episodic memory performance in both younger and older adults.
  • To determine if the relationship between neural differentiation and episodic memory is moderated by age.
  • To explore the link between neural differentiation and performance on a fluency factor derived from neuropsychological tests.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan young (18-30 years) and older (64-75 years) adults.
  • Participants viewed images of objects and scenes, followed by a recognition memory test.
  • A differentiation index was calculated in the parahippocampal place area (PPA) and lateral occipital complex (LOC) to measure neural selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited lower differentiation index in the PPA compared to younger adults; no significant difference was found in the LOC.
  • The PPA differentiation index predicted subsequent recognition memory performance, and this relationship was independent of and not moderated by age.
  • The PPA differentiation index also predicted performance on a latent fluency factor, with this association being age-invariant.

Conclusions:

  • Neural differentiation in the PPA is reduced with age, but its predictive power for episodic memory and cognitive fluency is independent of age.
  • These findings suggest that neural differentiation is influenced by two distinct factors: chronological age and cognitive performance.
  • Neural differentiation serves as a marker for cognitive function that is separable from the effects of aging itself.