Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

59.5K
Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
59.5K
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

4.3K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
4.3K
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

5.9K
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
5.9K
Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

Muscles of the Abdomen

3.5K
The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and...
3.5K
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

4.8K
Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
4.8K
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

3.9K
The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Atypical Pruriginous Pustular Eruption Preceding Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Case Report and Gut-Skin-Tumour Axis Hypothesis.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Special Issue "Current Research on the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Human Diseases and Health".

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Major Depressive Disorder: From Bench to Bedside-A Scoping Review of Neurobiological Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Processed Diets and Food Additives Shape the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Disease Risk Across the Life Course-A Three-Layer Ecosystem Disruption Model (TLED) Model.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder with Comorbid Anxiety: A Systematic Review of Clinical Efficacy and Predictors of Response.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Psychophysiological and Neurobiological Responses to Deception and Emotional Stimuli: A Pilot Study on the Interplay of Personality Traits and Perceived Stress.

Brain sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
10:50

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Published on: November 3, 2013

25.4K

Muscle Changes During Atrophy.

Adrian Dumitru1, Beatrice Mihaela Radu2,3, Mihai Radu4

  • 1Department of Pathology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Muscle atrophy, a protein loss causing muscle shrinkage, is linked to various diseases. This review examines myofiber type transitions in human muscle wasting conditions.

Keywords:
Clinical conditionsFiber-type shiftImmunohistochemistry markersMolecular alterationsMuscle atrophy

More Related Videos

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
08:16

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

33.2K
Optical Cross-Sectional Muscle Area Determination of Drosophila Melanogaster Adult Indirect Flight Muscles
06:43

Optical Cross-Sectional Muscle Area Determination of Drosophila Melanogaster Adult Indirect Flight Muscles

Published on: March 31, 2018

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
10:50

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Published on: November 3, 2013

25.4K
Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
08:16

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

33.2K
Optical Cross-Sectional Muscle Area Determination of Drosophila Melanogaster Adult Indirect Flight Muscles
06:43

Optical Cross-Sectional Muscle Area Determination of Drosophila Melanogaster Adult Indirect Flight Muscles

Published on: March 31, 2018

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Muscle physiology and pathophysiology
  • Cellular biology of muscle wasting
  • Clinical relevance of muscle atrophy

Background:

  • Muscle atrophy results from protein degradation in diverse conditions like aging, cancer, and heart failure.
  • It involves myofiber shrinkage, altered fiber types, and net protein loss.
  • Human data on muscle atrophy progression is limited compared to animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review muscle wasting and myofiber type transitions in various pathological states.
  • To group clinical conditions by fast-to-slow or slow-to-fast fiber-type shifts.
  • To summarize ultrastructural and histochemical features of muscle atrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on muscle atrophy.
  • Analysis of myofiber type transitions in pathological conditions.
  • Compilation of ultrastructural and histochemical data from clinical and experimental models.

Main Results:

  • Muscle atrophy is characterized by specific myofiber type shifts (fast-to-slow or slow-to-fast) across different diseases.
  • Distinct ultrastructural and histochemical changes are observed in aging, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and heart failure-related atrophy.
  • The study highlights the heterogeneity of muscle atrophy based on underlying pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding myofiber type transitions is crucial for characterizing muscle atrophy.
  • Pathology-specific changes provide insights into mechanisms of muscle wasting.
  • Further human studies are needed to fully elucidate muscle atrophy processes.