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Related Concept Videos

Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
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The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Hair Cells01:22

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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The senescent cell epigenome.

Na Yang1, Payel Sen2

  • 1National Institute on Aging, NIH, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Functional Epigenomics Unit, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Aging
|November 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular senescence, a key aging factor, drives inflammation and shorter lifespan. Targeting senescent cells and their epigenetic changes offers new therapeutic avenues for aging and related diseases.

Keywords:
agingchromatinepigeneticshistonesenescence

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Induction and Validation of Cellular Senescence in Primary Human Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Epigenetics
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging, characterized by growth arrest and inflammation.
  • Accumulation of senescent cells contributes to age-related health decline and reduced lifespan via "inflammaging".

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of chromatin state alterations in cellular senescence.
  • To consolidate findings on epigenetic modifications in aging and senescence.
  • To identify potential epigenetic targets for therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cellular senescence and aging.
  • Analysis of studies detailing epigenetic changes in senescent cells.
  • Consolidation of data on histone modifications, variants, DNA methylation, and 3D genome organization.

Main Results:

  • Environmental stimuli influence aging and longevity through conserved pathways that modulate chromatin states.
  • Specific epigenetic changes, including histone modifications and DNA methylation, are associated with senescence.
  • Alterations in three-dimensional genome organization are observed in senescent cells.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are central to the process of cellular senescence and aging.
  • Understanding these chromatin changes can reveal mechanisms driving aging and age-related diseases.
  • Targeting epigenetic pathways presents a promising strategy for therapeutic interventions in aging.