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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Published on: November 16, 2018
Regulating Charge and Exciton Distribution in High-Performance Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with n-Type
Dongxiang Luo1, Yanfeng Yang1, Ye Xiao1
11School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
The interlayer (IL) plays a vital role in hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs); however, only a negligible amount of attention has been given to n-type ILs. Herein, the n-type IL, for the first time, has been demonstrated to achieve a high efficiency, high color rendering index (CRI), and low voltage trade-off. The device exhibits a maximum total efficiency of 41.5 lm W-1, the highest among hybrid WOLEDs with n-type ILs. In addition, high CRIs (80-88) at practical luminances (≥1000 cd m-2) have been obtained, satisfying the demand for indoor lighting. Remarkably, a CRI of 88 is the highest among hybrid WOLEDs. Moreover, the device exhibits low voltages, with a turn-on voltage of only 2.5 V (>1 cd m-2), which is the lowest among hybrid WOLEDs. The intrinsic working mechanism of the device has also been explored; in particular, the role of n-type ILs in regulating the distribution of charges and excitons has been unveiled. The findings demonstrate that the introduction of n-type ILs is effective in developing high-performance hybrid WOLEDs.
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