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Universal cancer screening: revolutionary, rational, and realizable
1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA.
NPJ Precision Oncology
|November 6, 2018
Summary
Universal cancer screening offers a more inclusive approach to early detection by analyzing shared tumor markers in bodily fluids. This strategy aims to improve cost-effectiveness and include all cancer types, even rare ones.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Biomarker Discovery
- Public Health
Background:
- Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with increasing mortality rates.
- Current cancer screening methods are limited to a few prevalent cancer types due to cost-effectiveness constraints.
- Most cancer types remain unscreened, missing opportunities for early detection and improved survival.
Purpose of the Study:
- To advocate for universal cancer screening as a comprehensive and impactful approach.
- To explore the biological and epidemiological drivers for a multi-cancer screening paradigm.
- To highlight the potential of novel tumor markers and assay technologies in enabling universal screening.
Main Methods:
- Exploiting the shared biology of tumor marker release into accessible bodily fluids (blood, urine, saliva, breath).
- Aggregating prevalence data to include less common cancers in screening protocols.
- Leveraging advances in assay technologies for multi-cancer detection from a single test.
Main Results:
- Universal screening can increase efficiency and integration across tumor types.
- This approach has the potential to improve cost-effectiveness compared to single-organ screening.
- Emerging data suggest feasibility with broad-expression tumor markers and advanced assays.
Conclusions:
- Universal cancer screening is a viable and logical next step in cancer detection.
- Multi-organ screening via accessible biological samples is achievable.
- Further rigorous clinical studies and collaborations are essential for population-level implementation.
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