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Running speed-induced changes in foot contact pattern influence impact loading rate.

Bastiaan Breine1, Philippe Malcolm2, Samuel Galle1

  • 1a Department of Movement and Sports Sciences , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium.

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Runners who shift to a midfoot or forefoot strike as speed increases experience less impact loading. This foot strike adaptation helps reduce the vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR) during faster running.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Running Dynamics

Background:

  • Running speed influences foot strike patterns and impact forces.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for injury prevention and performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how speed-induced changes in foot contact patterns affect the vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR).
  • To compare VILR increases between runners who transition foot strike patterns (transition runners) and those who do not (non-transition runners) as speed increases.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-two runners ran at various speeds (3.2 to 6.2 m/s).
  • Ground reaction forces, lower limb kinematics, and plantar pressures were measured.
  • Multi-level linear regression models analyzed differences between transition and non-transition runners.

Main Results:

  • Non-transition runners showed significantly larger increases in VILR with increasing speed compared to transition runners.
  • Transition runners exhibited higher VILRs and a flatter foot touchdown at slower speeds.
  • The speed-induced VILR increase was substantially attenuated in transition runners.

Conclusions:

  • Transitioning to a midfoot or forefoot strike pattern at higher running speeds effectively reduces or eliminates the increase in VILR.
  • Runners with higher baseline VILRs and flatter foot positioning at slower speeds benefit most from this transition to mitigate speed-induced loading.