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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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Imaging Molecular Adhesion in Cell Rolling by Adhesion Footprint Assay
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Adhesion-based sorting of blood cells: an adhesive dynamics simulation study.

Anil K Dasanna1, Ulrich S Schwarz

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Summary

Microfluidic devices can sort blood cells using adhesion. Simulations reveal optimal tilt angles for sorting malaria-infected red blood cells by predicting their rolling behavior on patterned surfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Microfluidics
  • Cell Sorting

Background:

  • Microfluidic devices offer advanced cell sorting capabilities beyond size and deformability.
  • Adhesive properties of cells, particularly white blood cells, enable sorting using tilted micropatterns in shear flow.
  • Malaria-infected red blood cells exhibit adhesive properties, suggesting potential for similar sorting mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively investigate cell sorting based on adhesion in microfluidic devices using simulations.
  • To predict the optimal tilt angle of adhesive micropatterns for efficient cell sorting.
  • To apply the simulation method to determine optimal sorting conditions for malaria-infected red blood cells.

Main Methods:

  • Adhesive dynamics simulations were employed to model the behavior of round cells on adhesive micropatterns.
  • Simulations focused on analyzing cell rolling dynamics in response to shear flow and patterned adhesive substrates.
  • The method was extended to predict sorting parameters for malaria-infected red blood cells.

Main Results:

  • The study quantitatively investigated the effect of adhesive micropattern tilt angles on cell sorting efficiency.
  • Optimal tilt angles were predicted for maximizing cell sorting based on adhesive properties.
  • Simulation results provide a predictive framework for sorting malaria-infected red blood cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cell sorting in microfluidic devices can be effectively achieved by exploiting cellular adhesion properties.
  • Adhesive dynamics simulations provide a powerful tool for predicting optimal sorting conditions, including tilt angles.
  • This approach has significant implications for the separation and analysis of malaria-infected red blood cells.