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A variably imprinted epiallele impacts seed development.

Daniela Pignatta1, Katherine Novitzky1, P R V Satyaki1

  • 1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.

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|November 6, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic variation, specifically DNA methylation changes, can cause gene imprinting variation in plants. This variation influences seed development by altering gene expression, demonstrating epialleles impact plant phenotypes.

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Determination of DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Arabidopsis Endosperm
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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Gene imprinting, the parent-of-origin-specific gene expression, is crucial for seed development in flowering plants.
  • Imprinting is linked to epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, but its variation's contribution to phenotypic differences is not fully understood.
  • Previous work in Arabidopsis thaliana linked intraspecific imprinting variation to DNA methylation polymorphisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms and function of allele-specific imprinting of the HDG3 gene (a class IV homeodomain leucine zipper transcription factor).
  • To determine if epigenetic variation alone is sufficient to explain imprinting variation and its phenotypic consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Studied allele-specific imprinting of the HDG3 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Manipulated the DNA methylation state of the endogenous HDG3 gene in a non-imprinted strain.
  • Analyzed the effects of altered HDG3 imprinting on endosperm development and seed weight.

Main Results:

  • In imprinted strains, HDG3 is primarily expressed from the methylated, paternally inherited allele.
  • Methylation of a transposable element near HDG3 was sufficient to induce HDG3 expression and imprinting in a non-imprinted strain.
  • Acquisition of HDG3 imprinting led to earlier endosperm cellularization and altered seed weight.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic variation, particularly DNA methylation changes in transposable elements, is sufficient to drive imprinting variation.
  • Epialleles can underlie naturally occurring variation in seed development phenotypes.
  • This study highlights the significant role of epigenetic mechanisms in plant development and evolution.