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Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.
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An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture
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Catalyst-Substrate Effects on Biocompatible SABRE Hyperpolarization.

Anand Manoharan1, Peter J Rayner1, Marianna Fekete1

  • 1University of York, Department of Chemistry Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|November 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) can enhance in vivo molecular MRI. This study identified catalysts and solvents to create biocompatible agents with minimal cytotoxicity for improved clinical diagnosis.

Keywords:
SABREbiocompatibilitybiomoleculescytotoxicityhyperpolarization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) holds promise for in vivo clinical diagnosis.
  • The hyperpolarization technique, Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE), is key to advancing molecular MRI.
  • Developing biocompatible agents for in vivo administration is crucial for clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the cytotoxicity of various catalysts and substrates used in SABRE.
  • To investigate the impact of biocompatible solvent mixtures on SABRE polarization transfer efficiency.
  • To identify optimal conditions for producing non-cytotoxic SABRE agents for in vivo applications.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed across five different catalysts.
  • Eight distinct substrates were evaluated for their impact on cytotoxicity.
  • Polarization transfer efficiency was measured using biocompatible solvent mixtures.

Main Results:

  • Catalyst and substrate identity significantly influenced cytotoxicity.
  • Specific biocompatible solvent mixtures enhanced polarization transfer efficiency.
  • Routes to minimize cytotoxic effects were identified, enabling the development of safer SABRE agents.

Conclusions:

  • SABRE technology can be optimized for clinical use by carefully selecting catalysts and substrates.
  • Biocompatible solvent mixtures are essential for efficient and safe SABRE agent development.
  • This research paves the way for improved in vivo molecular MRI through reduced agent toxicity.