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Plurihormonal pituitary adenomas.

B W Scheithauer, E Horvath, K Kovacs

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology

|February 1, 1986

Summary

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Plurihormonal pituitary adenomas, tumors producing multiple hormones, are uncommon but more frequent in acromegaly and younger patients. These tumors often co-produce growth hormone and prolactin, with rare clinical effects from other hormones.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Cell Biology

Background:

Plurihormonal pituitary adenomas are rare tumors producing unusual hormone combinations, accounting for 10-15% of all pituitary adenomas.
These tumors are more prevalent in acromegaly (over 50%) and in pediatric populations.
A subset (8%) is linked to multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the prevalence, hormonal profiles, and clinical significance of plurihormonal pituitary adenomas.
To investigate the association of these tumors with specific clinical conditions and genetic predispositions.
To explore the ultrastructural and cellular characteristics of plurihormonal adenomas.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and case studies on plurihormonal pituitary adenomas.

Related Experiment Videos

Analysis of hormonal production patterns, including growth hormone, prolactin, and glycoprotein hormones like TSH.

Evaluation of tumor size, invasiveness, and ultrastructural morphology.

Main Results:

The most common variant produces growth hormone, prolactin, and glycoprotein hormones (frequently TSH).
Clinical manifestations typically reflect growth hormone and prolactin, with rare expression of glycoprotein hormone effects.
These tumors are predominantly macroadenomas (80%), often invasive (50%), and can exhibit diverse ultrastructural cell types.

Conclusions:

Plurihormonal pituitary adenomas present a complex hormonal profile, with growth hormone and prolactin being the most clinically relevant.
Tumor size and invasiveness are significant features, suggesting aggressive behavior in a subset of these tumors.
Ultrastructural heterogeneity indicates a single cell type's capacity to produce multiple hormones.