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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Nanoscale Nucleic Acid Recognition at the Solid-Liquid Interface Using Xeno Nucleic Acid Probes.

Hiya Lahiri1, Sourav Mishra1, Rupa Mukhopadhyay1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032 , India.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|November 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Xeno nucleic acids offer improved nucleic acid detection by overcoming false signals and low sensitivity. Locked nucleic acid (LNA) and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes show promise for nanoscale applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid detection faces challenges with false positives/negatives and low sensitivity.
  • Background sequences can mask specific recognition signals, hindering accurate detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore xeno nucleic acids as alternatives to DNA probes for enhanced nucleic acid detection.
  • To discuss the application of xeno nucleic acids in nanoscale detection systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of general nucleic acid detection frameworks.
  • Analysis of locked nucleic acid (LNA) and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) properties and applications.

Main Results:

  • Xeno nucleic acids, specifically LNA and PNA, demonstrate potential to overcome detection limitations.
  • LNA probes facilitate upright orientation on substrates, while PNA probes allow high probe density for nanoscale recognition.

Conclusions:

  • LNA and PNA offer advantages for reliable nanoscale nucleic acid recognition.
  • These probes may enable PCR-independent detection of low-abundance target sequences.