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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians
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Amphibians.

David B Wake1, Michelle S Koo1

  • 1Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|November 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Amphibians, once viewed as harmless and mythical creatures, are now facing a global decline. Over 40% of amphibian species are at high risk of extinction, signaling a potential mass extinction event.

Area of Science:

  • Herpetology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Amphibians have a long history in human culture, often surrounded by myths and folklore.
  • Historically, amphibians were perceived as benign, beneficial insects-eaters, and even a food source.
  • In the 1980s, a concerning global decline in amphibian populations emerged, highlighting their vulnerability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the historical perception of amphibians in human culture.
  • To document the surprising discovery of widespread amphibian decline in the late 20th century.
  • To assess the extinction risk across amphibian species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical texts and cultural records related to amphibians.
  • Analysis of population trends and extinction risk assessments for amphibian species.

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  • Compilation of data from global amphibian studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Amphibians were historically viewed through a lens of myth and folklore, often attributed with magical properties.
    • A significant global decline in amphibian populations was identified starting in the 1980s.
    • Studies revealed that approximately 40% of known amphibian species faced high extinction risk by 2004.

    Conclusions:

    • The decline of amphibians represents a critical conservation issue, impacting a diverse vertebrate group.
    • Amphibian decline serves as a significant indicator of broader environmental health and potential mass extinction events.
    • Urgent conservation efforts are needed to address the escalating extinction crisis facing amphibians worldwide.