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Related Concept Videos

Sample Handling01:02

Sample Handling

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Transportation of samples from the collection point to the laboratory, as well as storage and preservation techniques, are crucial for maintaining sample integrity and ensuring accurate and reliable test results.
Samples should be transported carefully from collection points to the laboratory. They should be properly sealed and clearly labeled to prevent cross-contamination. To preserve the sample integrity, optimal temperature conditions during transport are essential. This could involve using...
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Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture01:26

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Sputum studies are a critical part of diagnosing and treating numerous respiratory conditions. These studies involve obtaining sputum samples for analysis to identify pathogenic organisms and assess the presence of abnormal cells indicative of malignant conditions. This lesson will delve into three fundamental sputum studies: Gram Stain, Cytology, and Acid-fast Smear and Culture.
Gram Stain
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Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

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A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
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Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

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Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
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Fixation and Sectioning01:03

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Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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Related Experiment Video

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Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management
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Specimen collection is essential for modern science.

Michael W Nachman1, Elizabeth J Beckman1, Rauri Ck Bowie1

  • 1Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|November 22, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural history museums preserve crucial biological data. This comment questions if compassionate collection can fully replace whole animal specimen collection in museums.

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Area of Science:

  • Museum studies
  • Biodiversity informatics
  • Zoological collections

Background:

  • Natural history museums are essential for understanding the natural world.
  • Specimens, samples, and data are vital for scientific research.
  • A previous perspective advocated for compassionate collection practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revisit the concept of compassionate collection in natural history museums.
  • To critically evaluate the feasibility of eliminating whole animal specimen collection.
  • To discuss the implications for biodiversity research and data preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Revisiting a published perspective on collection practices.
  • Critical analysis of ethical and practical considerations.
  • Literature review on specimen collection and its alternatives.

Main Results:

  • The complete elimination of whole animal specimen collection may not be feasible.
  • Compassionate collection practices present challenges for comprehensive data acquisition.
  • Balancing ethical considerations with scientific necessity remains a key issue.

Conclusions:

  • Whole animal specimen collection, despite ethical concerns, may remain necessary for certain research.
  • Future collection strategies must balance ethical considerations with the need for robust scientific data.
  • Continued dialogue is needed to refine collection practices in natural history institutions.