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Strontium doped hydroxyapatite from Mercenaria clam shells: Synthesis, mechanical and bioactivity study
Anindya Pal1, Purnendu Nasker2, Sudeep Paul2
1Dr. M. N. Dastur School of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|November 7, 2018
Summary
Strontium doping enhances mechanical properties and density of hydroxyapatite derived from clam shells, while maintaining non-toxicity. High strontium levels may reduce cell proliferation.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Materials Chemistry
- Bioceramics
Background:
- Bioceramics like hydroxyapatite (HAp) are crucial for bone regeneration.
- Utilizing biogenic resources, such as Mercenaria clam shells, for HAp synthesis is an underexplored area.
- Strontium (Sr) doping in HAp requires further investigation regarding its effects on material properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize strontium-doped hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAp) from Mercenaria clam shells.
- To investigate the impact of varying Sr concentrations on phase stability, sintering, mechanical characteristics, and cytotoxicity.
- To evaluate the potential of Sr-HAp as a biomaterial.
Main Methods:
- Hydrothermal synthesis of Sr-HAp with Sr substituting Ca at 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% molar concentrations.
- Sintering of synthesized powders at 1200°C in air.
- Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
- Analysis of mechanical properties (microhardness, fracture toughness, nanohardness, elastic modulus) and in vitro cytotoxicity.
Main Results:
- XRD confirmed HAp structure with slight shifts due to Sr doping; Sr-based compounds emerged at >50% substitution.
- Sintered specimens showed increased β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phase with higher Sr content.
- Sintered density increased from 3.04 to 3.50 g/cc, while surface energy decreased with Sr substitution.
- Mechanical properties (microhardness, fracture toughness, nanohardness, elastic modulus) were significantly enhanced by Sr doping.
- All synthesized Sr-HAp samples demonstrated non-toxicity in vitro against mouse osteoblast cells.
Conclusions:
- Strontium doping of hydroxyapatite derived from clam shells improves phase stability and mechanical properties.
- Increased Sr substitution enhances density and hardness but may reduce cell proliferation at very high concentrations (>50%).
- Sr-HAp synthesized from biogenic sources shows promise as a biomaterial with tunable properties.
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