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Sandwich-like Microenvironments to Harness Cell/Material Interactions
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Finite element modelling for elucidating surface topography influence on cell-substrate interaction on fatty

Rajdeep Ganguly1, Sandeep Choudhury2, Abhisek Gupta2

  • 1Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Botanical Garden Area, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India.

Journal of Biomechanics
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
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International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering·2025

Surface topography influences cell behavior. Modifying poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with oleic acid (OA) altered surface roughness and stiffness, impacting cell biomechanics. Finite element analysis (FEA) modeled these cell-substrate interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cellular Biomechanics
  • Surface Engineering

Background:

  • Surface topography is a key factor in cellular biomechanical responses.
  • Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a versatile biomaterial, but its surface properties can be tuned for specific cellular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To chemically modify PCL with oleic acid (OA) to control surface topography and hydrophilicity.
  • To computationally investigate cell-substrate interactions on these modified matrices using finite element analysis (FEA).

Main Methods:

  • Chemical modification of PCL with OA, nanoindentation, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, surface wettability analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for material characterization.
  • Development of cell-substrate interaction models using FEA (ANSYS Workbench) with hemispherical, WI-38 fibroblast, and A549 cell models.
Keywords:
Cell-substrate interactionsCellular biomechanicsFinite element analysisOleic acidPoly(ε-caprolactone) scaffoldsSurface topography

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  • Simulation of cell-substrate interactions under physiologically relevant loading conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • PCL-OA matrices showed reduced Young's modulus and enhanced hydrophilicity compared to pure PCL.
    • AFM data on surface topography was integrated into FEA models.
    • Distinct cellular deformation patterns and strain distributions were observed for different cell types, influenced by substrate stiffness and roughness.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully correlated micro- and nanoscale surface roughness with cellular biomechanical behavior.
    • A predictive framework was established for designing surface-engineered matrices to assess biomechanical compatibility for various cell types.
    • This approach facilitates the design of biomaterials with tailored surface properties for specific cellular phenotypes.