Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.7K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.7K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.6K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.1K
Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

55.1K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
55.1K
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

2.0K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 1. New quinoline derivatives.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·1992
Same author

New bronchodilators. II. 3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones.

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin·1992
Same author

Site of attachment of mercuribenzoate in crystals of an actin:DNase I complex.

Journal of biochemistry·1992
Same author

Further studies on aspartate aminotransferase of thermophilic methanogens by analysis of general properties, bound cofactors, and subunit structures.

Journal of biochemistry·1992
Same author

Elevated expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in human esophageal cancer.

Cancer research·1992
Same author

Experimental chemotherapy for xenograft cell lines of human bile duct and gall bladder cancers in nude mice.

Journal of surgical oncology·1992

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials
04:42

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials

Published on: February 26, 2021

5.0K

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet (TESPEL) injection system for Wendelstein 7-X.

R Bussiahn1, N Tamura2, K J McCarthy3

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet (TESPEL) injection system is designed for Wendelstein 7-X stellarator experiments. This system will investigate impurity transport in fusion plasmas by releasing tracers directly into the core.

More Related Videos

Solid Phase 11C-Methylation, Purification and Formulation for the Production of PET Tracers
09:25

Solid Phase 11C-Methylation, Purification and Formulation for the Production of PET Tracers

Published on: October 24, 2019

7.1K
Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons
10:57

Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons

Published on: July 13, 2015

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials
04:42

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials

Published on: February 26, 2021

5.0K
Solid Phase 11C-Methylation, Purification and Formulation for the Production of PET Tracers
09:25

Solid Phase 11C-Methylation, Purification and Formulation for the Production of PET Tracers

Published on: October 24, 2019

7.1K
Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons
10:57

Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons

Published on: July 13, 2015

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Fusion Science and Engineering
  • Plasma Physics
  • Stellarator Technology

Background:

  • Impurity confinement in fusion plasmas is crucial for reactor performance.
  • The Wendelstein 7-X stellarator utilizes an island divertor for impurity screening.
  • Investigating core plasma transport mechanisms requires localized impurity injection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the detailed design of a novel Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet (TESPEL) injection system.
  • To enable the study of impurity transport mechanisms in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator core plasma.
  • To provide a tool for localized impurity release experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Design and construction of a new TESPEL injection system.
  • Integration of storage and injection units with guiding tubes and differential pumping stages.
  • Utilizing light-gate and optical observation systems for tracer deposition localization.

Main Results:

  • Successful design and current installation of the TESPEL injection system at Wendelstein 7-X.
  • Laboratory tests demonstrated good performance of TESPELs after system realignment.
  • The system is ready for investigating core plasma impurity transport.

Conclusions:

  • The new TESPEL injection system is a key diagnostic for Wendelstein 7-X.
  • This system will significantly advance the understanding of impurity transport in stellarator cores.
  • Effective impurity control is essential for future fusion energy devices.