Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

11.1K
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
11.1K
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

729
Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
729
Sign Convention01:30

Sign Convention

3.5K
When analyzing a beam subjected to various loads, it is crucial to understand the internal forces and moments generated within the structure. These internal forces can be broadly classified into normal forces, shear forces, and bending moments. To determine these forces and moments, we use the method of sections and apply a specific sign convention based on their direction and the side of the section being analyzed.
The normal force acts perpendicular to the beam's cross-section and can...
3.5K
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

414
Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
414
The Wave Nature of Light02:12

The Wave Nature of Light

61.3K
The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
61.3K
Enolate Mechanism Conventions01:15

Enolate Mechanism Conventions

2.9K
When a carbonyl compound is treated with a strong base, the α position gets deprotonated to give a resonance-stabilized intermediate called an enolate. Enolates are ambident nucleophiles because they possess two nucleophilic sites that can attack an electrophile owing to the delocalization of the negative charge between the α carbon and oxygen atoms. When the oxygen atom attacks an electrophile, it is called O-attack, whereas electrophilic attack via the α carbon is known as...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Growth performance, bioconversion efficiency, and nutritional quality of yellow mealworm larvae reared on formulated diets based on local agro-industrial by-products.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2026
Same author

A novel method for thermal noise reduction, enabling measurements of broadband, low-amplitude electron temperature fluctuations using individual radiometer channels.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Design of a correlation reflectometer radiometer diagnostic and measurements of the electron density-temperature cross-phase angle in the H-mode pedestal with small edge localized modes at ASDEX Upgrade.

The Review of scientific instruments·2025
Same author

Artificial intelligence and high-resolution anoscopy: automatic identification of anal squamous cell carcinoma precursors using a convolutional neural network.

Techniques in coloproctology·2022
Same author

Rheological evolution of straw-cattle manure (SCM) treated by dry anaerobic digestion in batch and in continuous pilot reactors.

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)·2022
Same author

High-heat flux ball-pen probe head in ASDEX-Upgrade.

The Review of scientific instruments·2022
Same journal

Erratum: "Highly versatile, two-color setup for high-order harmonic generation using spatial light modulators" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 95, 073002 (2024)].

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Thermal correction method for accurate performance evaluation of micro-thermoelectric coolers.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Correcting the energy-dependent asymmetry in low-energy muon spin rotation.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Fiber-integrated acousto-optic-modulator-based phase-controlled Rydberg atomic electrometer.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

A top-loading point-contact spectroscopy probe with in-situ sample exchange for dilution refrigerators.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Investigation of plasma characteristics in a developed large-diameter, low-aspect ratio, radio frequency plasma source with a flat spiral antenna.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

7.6K

Turbulence level effects on conventional reflectometry using 2D full-wave simulations.

J Vicente1, F da Silva1, S Heuraux2

  • 1Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Numerical simulations using the REFMUL code enhance microwave diagnostics for turbulent plasmas. The study reveals spectral broadening and signal fluctuations in O-mode reflectometry, aiding in extended plasma measurement capabilities.

More Related Videos

Enabling High Grayscale Resolution Displays and Accurate Response Time Measurements on Conventional Computers
06:50

Enabling High Grayscale Resolution Displays and Accurate Response Time Measurements on Conventional Computers

Published on: February 29, 2012

9.8K
Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
04:35

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment

Published on: July 5, 2024

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

7.6K
Enabling High Grayscale Resolution Displays and Accurate Response Time Measurements on Conventional Computers
06:50

Enabling High Grayscale Resolution Displays and Accurate Response Time Measurements on Conventional Computers

Published on: February 29, 2012

9.8K
Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
04:35

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment

Published on: July 5, 2024

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Wave Propagation
  • Computational Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Microwave diagnostics are essential for understanding plasma behavior.
  • Turbulent plasmas present challenges for accurate diagnostic measurements.
  • Numerical simulations are key to advancing diagnostic techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply the 2D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code REFMUL to simulate turbulent plasmas.
  • To investigate the effects of plasma density turbulence on O-mode reflectometry signals.
  • To explore the potential for extending measurement capabilities of plasma diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the REFMUL code for 2D full-wave simulations.
  • Modeled plasma density as a sum of background and fluctuating components with a Kolmogorov-like spectrum.
  • Simulated O-mode waves with fixed frequency probing and I/Q detection.
  • Scanned density turbulence levels and simulated plasma flows in radial and poloidal directions.

Main Results:

  • Observed spectral broadening of complex signals and increased fluctuations in amplitude and phase with higher turbulence.
  • Demonstrated similar trends for both radial and poloidal plasma flow directions.
  • Identified the onset of non-linear effects, including phase runaway and radial Doppler effects.

Conclusions:

  • The REFMUL code effectively simulates turbulent plasmas for reflectometry.
  • Simulation results show promise for reconstructing poloidal wavenumber spectra.
  • Findings contribute to enhancing the measuring capabilities of microwave diagnostics for turbulent plasmas.