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Related Concept Videos

Power01:08

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The concept of work involves force and displacement; meanwhile, the work-energy theorem relates the net work done on a body to the difference in its kinetic energy, calculated between two points on its trajectory. While none of these quantities or relations involves time explicitly, we know that the time available to accomplish work is often just as important as the amount of work itself. For example, sprinters in a race may have achieved the same velocity at the finish, therefore,...
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Power engineers have introduced the concept of complex power to determine the cumulative effect of parallel loads. This idea plays a crucial role in power analysis because it encompasses all the details related to the power consumed by a specific load.
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In definite integration, Riemann sums approximate the area under a curve by dividing it into subintervals and summing the areas of rectangles. When these approximations follow predictable numerical patterns, such as arithmetic or polynomial sequences, sum formulas offer a more efficient and accurate way to compute the result. In particular, the sum of consecutive integers, squares, and cubes plays an essential role in simplifying these calculations, especially when dealing with uniform...
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Related Experiment Video

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Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing
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Optic Nerve Stimulation System with Adaptive Wireless Powering and Data Telemetry.

Xing Li1, Yan Lu2, Xiaodong Meng3

  • 1Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. lixing06005415@gmail.com.

Micromachines
|November 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel transcorneal electrical stimulation system for retinal degenerative diseases. The wirelessly powered eye implant delivers precise electrical stimulation to potentially restore vision.

Keywords:
data telemetryimplantable medical device (IMD)neural stimulationwireless power transfer (WPT)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Retinal degenerative diseases pose a significant challenge to vision restoration.
  • Current treatments often have limited efficacy or invasive procedures.
  • A need exists for innovative, minimally invasive therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) system for treating retinal degenerative diseases.
  • To design a miniaturized, wirelessly powered eye implant capable of delivering controlled electrical stimulation.
  • To demonstrate the system's functionality and electrical performance for potential clinical application.

Main Methods:

  • A TES system comprising an on-chip eye implant and an external control component was designed.
  • The implant utilizes a single coil for wireless power and bi-directional data transfer.
  • Fabrication employed a 0.13 μm CMOS process, with the implant measuring 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm and the external coil 4.4 mm in diameter.

Main Results:

  • The system delivers bi-polar current patterns with adjustable amplitude (5-320 μA), frequency (10-160 Hz), and duty ratio (2.5-20%).
  • Power delivery includes boosting and adaptive regulation for coupling and load variations.
  • The complete implant, coated in silicone, measures 6 mm in diameter and <1 mm in thickness, suitable for subconjunctival placement.

Conclusions:

  • The developed TES system offers a promising, minimally invasive approach for retinal degenerative diseases.
  • The miniaturized, wirelessly powered implant demonstrates robust functionality and electrical performance.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate its therapeutic potential.