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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Proteins are...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Isolation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Porcine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues
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Adipose Stem Cell Translational Applications: From Bench-to-Bedside.

Chiara Argentati1, Francesco Morena2, Martina Bazzucchi3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy. chiara.argentati89@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Adult adipose stem cells (ASCs) show great promise for translational medicine due to their abundance and ease of isolation. Research highlights their multipotent differentiation capabilities and stable character when combined with biotechnological tools.

Keywords:
biomaterialsgene/cell therapyregenerative medicinetissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Growing interest in adult adipose stem cells (ASCs) for translational medicine over the past five years.
  • ASCs are sourced abundantly and renewably, with relatively simple isolation procedures.
  • These factors contribute to their increasing success and application potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document advances in the biology of adult adipose stem cells (ASCs).
  • To explore innovative biotechnological applications of ASCs.
  • To discuss the differentiation potential and stability of ASCs in various contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on ASC biology and applications.
  • Analysis of studies involving ASCs combined with gene delivery systems and biomaterials.
  • In vitro and in vivo experimental data assessment.

Main Results:

  • ASCs exhibit multipotency, differentiating into mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell lineages.
  • The characteristic properties of ASCs are maintained when integrated with gene delivery systems.
  • ASC character remains stable even when combined with biomaterials, both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Adult adipose stem cells (ASCs) are a valuable tool for translational medicine.
  • Their biological characteristics support diverse differentiation pathways.
  • ASCs demonstrate robust stability, enabling advanced biotechnological applications.