Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs01:20

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs

248
Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs are crucial methodologies used in evaluating and comparing the bioavailability of different drug products. These designs are categorized into various types: completely randomized, randomized block, repeated measures, cross and carry-over, and Latin square designs.Completely randomized designs involve randomly allocating treatments to all subjects participating in the experiment. This allocation is achieved by assigning unique random numbers to...
248
Wedges01:24

Wedges

1.7K
A wedge is a simple machine that serves various purposes, such as adjusting the elevation of structural or mechanical parts, providing stability for heavy objects, and splitting a body into two parts. This versatile tool can amplify an applied force, making it easier to manipulate large or heavy objects.
Consider using a wedge to lift a heavy slab. Here, the wedge functions by converting the applied force into a much larger force directed almost perpendicular to the initial force. This...
1.7K
Group Design02:01

Group Design

10.5K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
10.5K
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

5.0K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
5.0K
Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

420
A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
420
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

10.5K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
10.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The performance of latent class analysis for clustering multiple long-term conditions is robust to the impact of high prevalence conditions.

Journal of clinical epidemiology·2026
Same author

The predictive power of first recruits to commercial trial performance.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
Same author

Adaptive trials in low back pain and osteoarthritis: How common are they and when should they be used? A systematic review from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage open·2026
Same author

Applying a hypothetical strategy to the intercurrent event of non-adherence with the parametric g-formula: a post hoc secondary analysis of the MET-PREVENT randomised controlled trial.

Trials·2026
Same author

Towards high-quality and timely interim analyses in adaptive trials: a scoping review of best practice and evidence gaps.

Trials·2026
Same author

Clinical Trial Simulation: Planning With the OCTAVE Framework, Implementation and Validation Principles.

Statistics in medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain
03:26

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain

Published on: March 8, 2024

3.5K

Admissible multiarm stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial designs.

Michael J Grayling1, Adrian P Mander1, James M S Wason1,2

  • 1Hub for Trials Methodology Research, MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Statistics in Medicine
|November 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces efficient sample size calculations and optimized designs for multiarm stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials. These methods can significantly reduce required observations, improving trial efficiency.

Keywords:
admissible designcluster randomized trialmultiple comparisonsoptimal designstepped-wedge

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.2K
Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management
03:53

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain
03:26

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain

Published on: March 8, 2024

3.5K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.2K
Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management
03:53

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Trials Methodology
  • Biostatistics
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs) are well-established, but research on multiarm SW-CRTs is limited.
  • Multiarm SW-CRTs evaluate multiple interventions simultaneously, posing unique design and analysis challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide methods for sample size calculation in multiarm SW-CRTs using linear mixed models.
  • To optimize multiarm SW-CRT designs for cost-efficiency and precise treatment effect estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Sample size determination using linear mixed models for multiarm SW-CRTs.
  • Optimization of trial design balancing cost and covariance matrix of treatment effects.
  • Demonstration using a real-world occupational therapy trial for hip fracture patients.

Main Results:

  • The proposed methods enable sample size calculation for multiarm SW-CRTs.
  • Optimized designs were shown to reduce required observations by up to 58% for a fixed power level.
  • The approach enhances the efficiency of multiarm stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methods offer a practical approach to designing and analyzing multiarm SW-CRTs.
  • Researchers can improve trial efficiency and reduce resource requirements by employing these optimization strategies.
  • This work addresses a critical gap in the methodology for evaluating multiple interventions using the stepped-wedge design.