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Related Concept Videos

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Microscale Objects via Restructuring of Large, Double-Stranded DNA Molecules.

Samuel J W Krerowicz, Juan P Hernandez-Ortiz1,2, David C Schwartz2

  • 1Departamento de Materiales y Nanotecnología , Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Medellín , Medellín 050034 , Colombia.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 8, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed two novel methods for self-assembling large, double-stranded (ds) DNA into complex microscale structures. These techniques enable sequence-specific restructuring of DNA for advanced nanotechnology applications.

Keywords:
DNA nanotechnologydouble-stranded DNAmicroscaleself-assemblysupported lipid bilayer

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Growing demand for larger and more intricate DNA nanostructures.
  • Need for precise control over DNA self-assembly processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate two novel methods for creating sequence-specific, nonrepetitive microscale DNA structures from large double-stranded (ds) DNA.
  • To enable the construction of complex DNA objects for nanotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Sequence-specific biotinylation of T7 DNA followed by neutravidin bead binding to form T7 rosettes.
  • Development of "nodal DNA" utilizing single-stranded DNA flaps and oligonucleotide "straps" to create DNA bolos.
  • Implementation of a protection/deprotection scheme with RNA/RNase H and dialysis for high-yield assembly.
  • Assessment using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy on supported lipid bilayers.

Main Results:

  • Successful creation of T7 DNA rosettes and DNA bolos through sequence-specific restructuring.
  • High yield achieved using developed methodologies, including protection/deprotection and dialysis.
  • Visual confirmation of structures via fluorescence microscopy showed good agreement with expected designs.
  • Demonstrated sequence-specific restructuring of large dsDNA molecules into microscale objects.

Conclusions:

  • The described methods provide reliable and sequence-specific means to create complex microscale DNA structures.
  • These advancements are crucial for the expanding field of DNA nanotechnology.
  • The techniques offer high confidence in producing custom DNA objects for various applications.