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A New Method for a Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System Using a Backtracking Search Algorithm-Based PI Voltage

Mahidur R Sarker1, Azah Mohamed2, Ramizi Mohamed3

  • 1Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia. mahidur@siswa.ukm.edu.my.

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Summary

This study introduces an optimized voltage controller for piezoelectric energy harvesting using a backtracking search algorithm (BSA). This method enhances system efficiency by automating parameter tuning, reducing errors, and improving response times.

Keywords:
controllerenergy harvestinglow voltagemicro devicesoptimization

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Control Systems
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Piezoelectric energy harvesting systems (PEHS) are crucial for powering low-energy devices.
  • Optimizing proportional-integral (PI) voltage controllers in PEHS often involves tedious trial-and-error parameter tuning.
  • Existing methods lack automated and efficient parameter optimization for PI controllers in PEHS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, automated method for optimizing PI voltage controller parameters (Kp, Ki) for PEHS.
  • To eliminate the conventional trial-and-error approach for parameter tuning.
  • To enhance the performance and efficiency of vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesting.

Main Methods:

  • A backtracking search algorithm (BSA) was employed to optimize the proportional gain (Kp) and integral gain (Ki) of a PI voltage controller.
  • The optimization process utilized mean absolute error (MAE) as the objective function to minimize output error.
  • A PEHS model was designed and analyzed using the BSA optimization technique.

Main Results:

  • The BSA-based PI voltage controller significantly minimized the output error of the converter.
  • A robust and regulated pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal was generated for the MOSFET switch.
  • The system demonstrated improved response times, specifically in rise time and settling time, under various load conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The BSA-based PI voltage controller offers a superior alternative to conventional methods for PEHS.
  • This technique provides an efficient and automated approach to optimize controller parameters, leading to enhanced system performance.
  • The optimized controller ensures robust operation and improved energy conversion efficiency in piezoelectric harvesting systems.