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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
Published on: July 3, 2025
Graphene oxide-phenalenyl composite: transition metal-free recyclable and catalytic C-H functionalization
Bhagat Singh1, Rupankar Paira, Goutam Biswas
1Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India. swadhin.mandal@iiserkol.ac.in.
Abstract:
An efficient route towards a heterogeneous transition metal-free catalytic C-H functionalization using a covalently linked graphene oxide-phenalenyl conjugate is described herein (28 examples, which include a core of some biologically relevant biaryl and hetero-biaryls). It is an environmentally benign, economical and heterogeneous platform, whose catalytic activity can easily be regenerated through a simple washing-drying technique and the catalytic activity can be retained even after 10 cycles.
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