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Neurosurgery and Manned Spaceflight.

Sandip S Panesar1, Juan C Fernandez-Miranda1, Michel Kliot1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford.

Neurosurgery
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-duration spaceflight poses risks to the central nervous system (CNS), including intracranial pressure changes and spinal unloading. Further research is needed for safe manned missions to Mars.

Keywords:
Neurosurgery in zero gravityRadiation effects on the central nervous systemSpaceflightSpinal unloading in zero gravityTrauma in space

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Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Renewed interest in manned spaceflight for Mars missions necessitates understanding physiological effects.
  • Long-duration missions expose astronauts to microgravity, extreme temperatures, and radiation.
  • Existing knowledge of space-related central nervous system (CNS) changes is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known and potential CNS changes during long-duration spaceflight.
  • To highlight concerns regarding trauma and neurosurgical interventions in space.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into space-related neurosurgical pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on spaceflight physiology and CNS effects.
  • Analysis of potential pathological mechanisms in microgravity and extreme environments.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and treatment limitations for neurosurgical conditions in space.

Main Results:

  • Microgravity causes cephalad fluid shifts, increasing intracranial pressure.
  • Spinal unloading in microgravity may lead to degenerative changes in vertebrae and musculature.
  • Trauma poses a significant risk, potentially exacerbated by altered CNS physiology.

Conclusions:

  • CNS changes like increased intracranial pressure and spinal unloading require further investigation.
  • Prevention of trauma and CNS pathology is paramount for mission success.
  • Development of space-based diagnostic and neurosurgical capabilities is essential for future manned missions.