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Atomic Orbitals02:44

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

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Systemic Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Bilateral Orbital Vasculopathy.

Stefania B Diniz1, Jose Manuel Abalo-Lojo2, Fernando Chahud3

  • 1From the Division of Oculoplastics and Orbit, Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|November 9, 2018
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Summary

Orbital inflammation and vasculitis may signal early diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This case highlights orbital biopsy findings preceding systemic lymphoma diagnosis, emphasizing paraneoplastic syndromes in oncology.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Orbital inflammation can present with diverse etiologies.
  • Paraneoplastic syndromes are manifestations of cancer elsewhere in the body.
  • Early identification of underlying malignancy is crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 58-year-old man presented with bilateral proptosis and orbital inflammation.
  • Orbital biopsy revealed polyclonal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and vasculopathy.
  • Symptoms initially responded to corticosteroid treatment.

Findings:

  • Subsequent investigations revealed hepatosplenomegaly, retroperitoneal mass, and lymphadenopathy.
  • A lymph node biopsy confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
  • The patient's condition progressed despite chemotherapy, leading to metastatic disease.

Implications:

  • This case suggests orbital inflammation with vasculitis can be an early paraneoplastic sign of DLBCL.
  • Orbital biopsies may yield critical diagnostic information for systemic diseases.
  • Recognizing nonspecific orbital findings as potential paraneoplastic phenomena can aid in early cancer detection.