Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure
Published on: June 5, 2020
3-NOP: Mutagenicity and genotoxicity assessment
A Thiel1, A C M Schoenmakers2, I A J Verbaan2
1DSM Nutritional Products AG, Wurmisweg 576, 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
Abstract:
3-NOP (3-nitroxy-propanol) is a new development compound which reduces methane emission from ruminating animals. For registration purposes with emphasis on EU and North America data requirements, mutagenic and genotoxic potential was assessed following OECD protocols and respective guidance documents. 3-NOP mutagenicity and genotoxicity testing raised no flags with regard to these endpoints. In silico assessment of 3-NOP and its major plasma metabolite NOPA (3-nitroxy-propionic acid) were predicted negative with regard to the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test. Ames test, mouse lymphoma assay, in vitro micronucleus test, and the oral in vivo micronucleus test using rat bone marrow were all negative. Exposure of the rat bone marrow was verified by the presence of 3-NOP and its metabolites NOPA and HPA (3-hydroxy-propionic acid) a naturally occurring substance in mammals) in plasma following oral dosing. It is therefore concluded that 3-NOP and its metabolites pose no mutagenic and genotoxic potential.
Related Concept Videos
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
Assessment of the Mouth
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Assessment of Respiration
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...

