Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026
16:11
Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
Published on: April 26, 2014
9.8K
Extended dynamometry: reference values.
Henry J C R Belcher1, Hayley Smith2
11 Independent Hand Surgeon, Edenbridge, UK.
The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume
|November 10, 2018
Summary
This study introduces an improved grip strength test protocol to accurately assess patient capacity and detect sub-maximal effort in medicolegal claims. The new method enhances reliability for disability and personal injury evaluations.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Rehabilitation Medicine
- Forensic Medicine
Background:
- Grip strength testing is crucial for disability and personal injury claims.
- Current methods are susceptible to sub-maximal effort, compromising objectivity.
- A need exists for a more reliable grip strength assessment protocol.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate an extended grip strength test protocol.
- To mitigate inconsistency and detect sub-maximal effort in grip strength measurements.
- To provide normative data for enhanced medicolegal assessments.
Main Methods:
- An extended protocol using five Jamar dynamometer positions was developed.
- Dynamometry was performed on 242 healthy volunteers (124 male, 118 female).
- Data analysis focused on consistency, curve deviation, and expected curve pattern variation.
Main Results:
- Normative values for grip strength consistency and curve patterns were established.
- Measures of consistency and reliability were not significantly affected by laterality, hand dominance, sex, or age.
- The protocol effectively differentiates between maximal and sub-maximal effort.
Conclusions:
- The developed extended grip strength protocol enhances reliability in medicolegal evaluations.
- The methodology provides reference values for assessing patient capacity and test validity.
- This approach improves the objectivity of grip strength testing in clinical and legal settings.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Biodiversity and Human Values
17.1K
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
17.1K
01:29Professional Values
10.7K
Nurses are responsible for caring for patients during birth, death, illness, and healing. Professional values guide the decisions and actions that nurses make in their careers. If nurses know the decisions and actions to take, providing patients with exceptional care is possible.
The values that are the foundation of the nursing profession are altruism, autonomy, human dignity, and social justice.
First, altruism refers to the concern for the welfare and well-being of others without personal...
The values that are the foundation of the nursing profession are altruism, autonomy, human dignity, and social justice.
First, altruism refers to the concern for the welfare and well-being of others without personal...
10.7K
01:31Critical Values
10.3K
A critical value is a definite value obtained from a particular probability distribution at a predecided confidence level (or a predecided significance level) for a given population parameter. The critical value provides demarcation that separates the sample statistics that are likely to occur from the ones that are unlikely to occur based on the given probability distribution and the population parameter to be estimated. The critical value for normal distribution is obtained from the z...
10.3K
01:07z Scores and Unusual Values
11.0K
The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data...
This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data...
11.0K
01:03Inertial Frames of Reference
8.8K
Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with...
8.8K
01:27Non-inertial Frames of Reference
7.2K
A reference frame accelerating or decelerating relative to an inertial frame is a non-inertial frame. To help understand this, consider what taking off in an airplane, turning a corner in a car, riding a merry-go-round, and the circular motion of a tropical cyclone all have in common. All these systems are accelerating, decelerating, or rotating relative to the Earth; hence, they all are non-inertial frames. All these systems exhibit inertial forces, which merely seem to arise from motion,...
7.2K