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[Etiopathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea and its consequences in the children]

T P Kalashnikova1, G V Anisimov2, A V Yastrebova1

  • 1V.P. Pervushin Department of Neurology, Academician E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Perm, Russia.

Vestnik Otorinolaringologii
|November 10, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OAHSS) in children is linked to developmental stage and has serious health consequences. Genetic factors and ENT diseases play a role in its development and outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OAHSS) is a prevalent condition in children.
  • Understanding its etiology and consequences is crucial for effective management.
  • The interplay between developmental factors, genetics, and comorbidities requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a modern view on the causes of OAHSS in children.
  • To explore the mechanisms of OAHSS formation and its short- and long-term effects.
  • To discuss the association of OAHSS with other health conditions and genetic predispositions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on OAHSS etiology and pathogenesis in pediatric populations.
  • Analysis of ontogenetic factors influencing OAHSS development.
  • Discussion of genetic studies related to OAHSS risk and outcomes.
  • Examination of the link between OAHSS and comorbidities like endothelial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, cardiac disorders, and chronic inflammation.

Main Results:

  • OAHSS etiology in children is multifactorial, influenced by ontogeny and specific mechanisms.
  • Short- and long-term consequences include endothelial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, cardiac issues, and chronic inflammation.
  • Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) diseases are significant contributors to pediatric OAHSS.
  • Genetic studies highlight specific processes influencing OAHSS risk and its outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • OAHSS in children is a complex syndrome with significant health implications.
  • Early identification and management are essential to mitigate long-term consequences.
  • Further research into genetic factors and the OAHSS-comorbidity nexus is warranted.

Keywords:
adenotonsillar pathologyobstructive sleep apnoeasleep apnoea in the children

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