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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Two-dimensional semiconductors pave the way towards dopant-based quantum computing.

José Carlos Abadillo-Uriel1, Belita Koiller2, María José Calderón1

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Researchers explored using 2D materials for donor qubits in quantum computers. These materials offer better control over quantum interactions, potentially outperforming silicon for donor qubit development.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Materials science
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Quantum computing proposals utilize dopants in silicon as qubits.
  • Challenges exist in controlling exchange interactions and tunneling between dopants due to silicon's valley degeneracy.
  • This oscillatory behavior complicates precise qubit control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate two-dimensional (2D) materials as alternative hosts for donor qubits.
  • Address challenges in controlling dopant interactions in quantum computing.
  • Assess the feasibility of 2D materials for single and two-qubit operations.

Main Methods:

  • Examined properties of available 2D semiconductor materials.
  • Assessed quantum manipulability of isolated dopants for single qubit operations.
  • Evaluated dopant pairs in 2D systems for two-qubit operations.

Main Results:

  • Dopants in 2D systems are more tightly bound and easier to manipulate.
  • Many 2D materials have conduction band minima at k=0, avoiding problematic exchange coupling oscillations.
  • A variety of 2D materials show potential for donor qubit performance.

Conclusions:

  • Two-dimensional materials present a promising alternative host for donor qubits.
  • They offer potential advantages over traditional bulk silicon hosts for quantum computing.
  • Further research into 2D materials could advance donor qubit technology.