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Reactivation of dormant/latent fungal infection

Kevin Brunet1, Alexandre Alanio2, Olivier Lortholary3

  • 1Laboratoire de Mycologie Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; INSERM U1070, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.

The Journal of Infection
|November 13, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Fungal reactivation, following a latent period, occurs due to fungal dormancy and host immunosuppression. This risk is critical in immunocompromised patients, especially transplant recipients.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Latent infections are common for bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
  • Invasive fungi can also establish latent infections and reactivate.
  • Understanding fungal reactivation is crucial for managing invasive fungal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the concept of reactivation in major invasive fungal diseases.
  • To review the mechanisms and evidence of fungal latency and reactivation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed (1980-2017).
  • Keywords included "fungi", "reactivation", "latency", "dormancy", "granuloma", and specific fungal genera (e.g., Aspergillus, Cryptococcus).

Main Results:

  • Fungal reactivation requires fungal dormancy and host immunosuppression.
  • Evidence for reactivation exists for dimorphic fungi, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus, and emerging fungi.
  • Survival within macrophages and granuloma formation are key to latency, though granuloma's role in mold reactivation needs further study.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal reactivation poses a significant risk in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Consideration of fungal reactivation is essential in managing patients undergoing transplantation or long-term immunosuppression.
Keywords:
DormancyGranulomaInvasive fungal diseaseLatencyReactivation

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