Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism
Published on: July 18, 2018
Fluorofunctionalization of C═C Bonds with Selectfluor: Synthesis of β-Fluoropiperazines through a Substrate-Guided
Joseph N Capilato1, Desta Doro Bume1, Wei Hao Lee1
1Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States.
Abstract:
The halofunctionalization of alkene substrates remains an essential tool for synthetic chemists. Herein, we report regioselective ammoniofluorination of unactivated alkenes through photochemical means. A one-pot transformation of the ammonium fluoride products into pharmaceutically relevant β-fluoropiperazines is highlighted. Furthermore, a substrate-guided reactivity switch is observed: certain alkenes are shown to react with the same fluorinating reagent to instead give the less-substituted fluoride. We hope that the ammoniofluorination reaction will be of utility in the area of medicinal chemistry, where nitrogen and fluorine are among the most important heteroatoms.
Related Concept Videos
Bond Energies and Bond Lengths
Peptide Bonds
Bonding in Metals
Ionic Bonds
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
Switching of BJT
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are...
Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

