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Alkali Metals03:06

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
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Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
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Acute milk-alkali syndrome

Bidhya Timilsina1, Niranjan Tachamo1, Prem Raj Parajuli1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Reading Hospital, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA.

Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports
|November 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Excessive intake of calcium carbonate supplements can lead to milk-alkali syndrome (MAS), causing severe hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal failure. Prompt diagnosis through careful patient history is crucial for effective treatment and recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) is a potentially severe condition characterized by hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal insufficiency.
  • It is often associated with the ingestion of large amounts of calcium-containing substances, frequently over-the-counter antacids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of considering MAS in patients presenting with hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal failure.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic value of a detailed patient history regarding supplement and medication intake.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 74-year-old woman with symptoms of lethargy, confusion, and abdominal pain.
  • Diagnostic workup revealing severe hypercalcemia, renal failure, and metabolic alkalosis.
  • Detailed patient history uncovering excessive calcium carbonate (Tums) ingestion for heartburn relief.

Main Results:

  • The patient was diagnosed with milk-alkali syndrome (MAS).
  • Aggressive hydration led to complete recovery of hypercalcemia and metabolic alkalosis, with concurrent improvement in renal function.
  • MAS can cause severe hypercalcemia in a significant proportion of affected individuals.

Conclusions:

  • A high index of suspicion for MAS is warranted in patients with unexplained hypercalcemia, especially when accompanied by metabolic alkalosis and renal failure.
  • Routine inquiry into the use of calcium-containing drugs and supplements is essential for timely diagnosis of MAS.
  • Early diagnosis and management of MAS can prevent further complications and unnecessary investigations.