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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII
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Recent Microdevice-Based Aptamer Sensors.

Donny Nugraha Mazaafrianto1, Masatoshi Maeki2, Akihiko Ishida3

  • 1Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. donnymaza@eis.hokudai.ac.jp.

Micromachines
|November 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Aptasensors, developed using the SELEX method, are crucial bio-recognition sensors. Microfluidic aptasensors offer advantages for developing point-of-care diagnostic tools.

Keywords:
SELEXaptamerbiosensorlab-on-chipmicrodevicepoint-of-care

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Aptamers, developed via Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX), are vital for bio-recognition sensing.
  • Microdevice systems offer benefits like reduced reagent use, high sample throughput, and disposability.
  • There is a growing need for microfluidic-based aptasensors in analytical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental concepts of aptasensors.
  • To present advanced applications of microdevice-based aptasensors across various platforms.
  • To highlight the integration of sensitive detection techniques into lab-on-a-chip devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of aptasensor principles and SELEX methodology.
  • Analysis of microfluidic device integration for aptasensor development.
  • Examination of electrochemical and optical detection methods in lab-on-a-chip systems.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidic aptasensors leverage SELEX-derived aptamers for sensitive detection.
  • Integration with electrochemical and optical techniques enhances analytical capabilities.
  • Lab-on-a-chip platforms are advancing towards point-of-care diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic aptasensors represent a significant advancement in bio-sensing technology.
  • The combination of aptamers, microdevices, and sensitive detection methods facilitates point-of-care applications.
  • Continued research aims to establish robust and accessible diagnostic tools.