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Features in Microfluidic Paper-Based Devices Made by Laser Cutting: How Small Can They Be?

Md Almostasim Mahmud1, Eric J M Blondeel2, Moufeed Kaddoura3

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada. md.mahmud@uoit.net.

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Summary

The smallest laser-cut features enabling fluid flow in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) depend on paper type and fiber width. Wider channels consistently show faster fluid flow speeds in microscale applications.

Keywords:
compact µPADsmicrofluidicsminiaturizationpaper-based deviceswicking

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) offer low-cost, portable diagnostic solutions.
  • Laser cutting is a precise method for fabricating microchannels in paper substrates.
  • Understanding feature size limitations is crucial for µPAD design and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the minimum feature size for fluid flow in laser-cut µPADs across various paper types.
  • To investigate the relationship between paper fiber width and the smallest flow-enabling feature size.
  • To analyze fluid flow speed in microscale channels fabricated from different paper materials.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of microfluidic channels using laser cutting on five distinct paper types.
  • Experimental determination of the smallest feature size allowing successful fluid flow for each paper type.
  • Measurement of fluid flow speed (Allura red dye) through microscale channels of varying widths.

Main Results:

  • Smallest feature sizes enabling fluid flow ranged from 24 ± 3 µm (nitrocellulose membrane) to 139 ± 8 µm (filter paper).
  • A direct correlation was observed between paper fiber width and the smallest feature size capable of sustaining fluid flow.
  • Fluid flow speed was significantly slower in microscale channels compared to millimeter-scale channels, with wider channels exhibiting faster flow.

Conclusions:

  • Paper type and its inherent fiber width are critical determinants of the smallest feature size for functional µPADs.
  • Laser cutting parameters must be optimized based on paper substrate properties to achieve desired microchannel dimensions.
  • The principles governing fluid dynamics in microscale paper channels align with those observed in larger formats, emphasizing the importance of channel width for flow rate.