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Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays
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Rapid Fabrication of Epidermal Paper-Based Electronic Devices Using Razor Printing.

Behnam Sadri1, Debkalpa Goswami2, Ramses V Martinez3,4

  • 1School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, 315 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. bsadri@purdue.edu.

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This study introduces low-cost, water-resistant epidermal electronic devices (EPEDs) made from paper. These wearable sensors accurately monitor physiological signals and temperature, paving the way for personalized medicine.

Keywords:
epidermal sensorshydrophobic paperlow-cost manufacturepaper electronicsstretchable electronicswearable stimulatorswireless power

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Traditional wearable electronics face challenges with cost, comfort, and moisture resistance.
  • Scalable and affordable fabrication methods are crucial for widespread adoption of personalized medicine technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, low-cost fabrication method for epidermal paper-based electronic devices (EPEDs).
  • To demonstrate the functionality of EPEDs for monitoring physiological signals and temperature in wearable applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of omniphobic paper substrates using cost-effective silanization with fluoroalkyl trichlorosilanes.
  • Integration of highly conductive inks/thin films onto paper substrates for electronic functionality.
  • Utilizing a benchtop razor printer for scalable manufacturing of EPEDs.

Main Results:

  • Developed inexpensive, water-resistant, and skin-compliant EPEDs.
  • Demonstrated accurate monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), and electro-oculogram (EOG) signals, even in humid conditions.
  • Showcased EPEDs' capability for rapid skin temperature mapping and localized thermotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • EPEDs offer a promising low-cost platform for personalized medicine.
  • The fabrication technique is simple, scalable, and compatible with mass manufacturing.
  • Omniphobic paper substrates provide moisture-independent mechanical reinforcement for conductive layers in wearable sensors.