Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026
07:55
Pressure Controlled Ventilation to Induce Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Published on: May 5, 2011
18.9K
The Link between Regional Tidal Stretch and Lung Injury during Mechanical Ventilation
Seiha Yen1, Melissa Preissner2, Ellen Bennett1
11 School of Medicine and.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
|November 15, 2018
Summary
Mechanical ventilation can cause lung injury. This study found that regional lung inflammation is primarily driven by regional tidal stretch, not lung volume, influencing gene expression related to injury.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Critical Care Medicine
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Mechanical ventilation is crucial for respiratory support but can induce ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).
- Understanding the relationship between regional lung mechanics and molecular responses is key to mitigating VILI.
- Previous studies have not fully elucidated how regional variations in lung volume and stretch influence gene expression during ventilation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between regional lung mechanics, specifically regional tidal volume (Vt) and regional functional residual capacity (FRC), and the expression of genes implicated in VILI.
- To determine whether regional specific Vt (sVt) or specific FRC (sFRC) is more closely linked to inflammatory gene expression.
- To analyze how different ventilation strategies impact regional lung mechanics and subsequent gene expression patterns.
Main Methods:
- BALB/c mice were subjected to protective or injurious ventilation strategies for 2 hours, with free-breathing mice as controls.
- High-resolution 4D computed tomography was used to measure regional sVt and sFRC at baseline and after ventilation.
- Quantitative PCR arrays were employed to measure the expression of 21 genes across 10 distinct lung regions.
Main Results:
- Regional sFRC varied independently of ventilation strategy, while regional sVt was dependent on the ventilation strategy.
- The expression of IL-6, Ccl2, and Ang-2 was significantly associated with regional sVt, but not with regional sFRC.
- While several other genes showed regional variation or dependence on ventilation strategy, their expression was not correlated with regional sFRC or sVt, indicating stretch as the primary driver.
Conclusions:
- Regional inflammatory gene expression in response to mechanical ventilation is predominantly influenced by regional tidal stretch (sVt).
- These findings highlight the critical role of mechanical forces, specifically stretch, in driving VILI at a regional level.
- Targeting mechanical stretch may offer a therapeutic strategy to reduce VILI and improve patient outcomes in critical care settings.
Related Concept Videos
01:24IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching
1.5K
In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of 2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
1.5K
01:23Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation
754
Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
754
01:23Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation
594
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation...
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation...
594
01:22IR Frequency Region: Alkyne and Nitrile Stretching
1.5K
Both alkyne (C≡C) and nitrile (C≡N) functional groups contain triple bonds and show stretching absorptions around the wavenumber range of 2100 to 2300 cm−1 in the diagnostic region of the IR spectra.
Comparing the stretching vibrational frequency of C≡C triple bonds with that of double and single bonds, it is evident that C≡C triple bonds exhibit a higher stretching frequency than C=C double and C–C single bonds. Similarly, the C≡N triple bond...
Comparing the stretching vibrational frequency of C≡C triple bonds with that of double and single bonds, it is evident that C≡C triple bonds exhibit a higher stretching frequency than C=C double and C–C single bonds. Similarly, the C≡N triple bond...
1.5K
01:29IR Frequency Region: Alkene and Carbonyl Stretching
1.3K
Double bonds in alkenes and carbonyl compounds exhibit stretching frequencies in the diagnostic region of the IR spectrum. In addition, alkenes exhibit vinylic C–H stretching and C–H out-of-plane bending absorptions that are useful for identifying substitution patterns.
Stretching frequencies are affected by several factors, such as resonance, inductive effects, ring strain, dipole moment, and hydrogen bonding. Consequently, the stretching frequency of the carbonyl double bond...
Stretching frequencies are affected by several factors, such as resonance, inductive effects, ring strain, dipole moment, and hydrogen bonding. Consequently, the stretching frequency of the carbonyl double bond...
1.3K
01:29Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings
2.8K
Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
2.8K