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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Introduction to Urinary System01:13

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The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
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Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

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Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ and Urinary Bladder.

Patrizia Angelico1, Marco Barchielli2, Massimo Lazzeri3

  • 1Pharmaceutical R&D Division, Recordati S.p.A., Milan, Italy. angelico.p@recordati.it.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|November 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its derivative Rec 0438 show promise for treating overactive bladder by inhibiting the micturition reflex. Intravesical administration of these NOP receptor agonists effectively manages bladder function without developing tolerance.

Keywords:
Micturition reflexN/OFQNOP receptorOveractive bladderRec 0438

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Urology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous ligand for the NOP receptor.
  • N/OFQ modulates various biological functions, including the micturition reflex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of NOP receptor agonists for treating overactive bladder.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rec 0438, a novel NOP full agonist.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of N/OFQ and Rec 0438 via intravesical instillation.
  • Assessment of effects on rat micturition reflex and urodynamic parameters in patients.
  • Evaluation of tolerance liability after repeated treatment.

Main Results:

  • N/OFQ and Rec 0438 demonstrated robust inhibitory effects on rat micturition.
  • Intravesical N/OFQ increased bladder capacity and volume threshold in overactive bladder patients.
  • Rec 0438 showed high potency, selectivity, and long-lasting action without tolerance development after 2 weeks of treatment.

Conclusions:

  • NOP receptor agonists, including Rec 0438, are effective in managing the micturition reflex.
  • Intravesical administration of NOP agonists offers a promising therapeutic strategy for overactive bladder.
  • Rec 0438 represents a potential innovative drug for overactive bladder treatment.