Ultrasound-guided vs. palpation-guided techniques for radial arterial catheterisation in infants: A randomised
Insights
Ultrasound guidance significantly improves first-pass success rates for radial arterial catheterization in infants, reducing the number of attempts needed. This technique is highly beneficial for pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Anesthesiology
- Medical Ultrasound Applications
- Vascular Access Procedures
Background:
- Radial arterial catheterization is crucial for monitoring critically ill infants.
- Ultrasound guidance is established for arterial catheterization but less evaluated in infants.
- Infants under 12 months present unique challenges for arterial access.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate if ultrasound guidance improves success rates for radial arterial catheterization in infants.
- To determine if ultrasound guidance reduces the number of attempts needed for infant radial arterial catheterization.
Main Methods:
- A randomized, controlled, patient-blinded trial involving 74 infants undergoing cardiac surgery.
- Patients were randomized to either ultrasound-guided (US) or palpation-guided (P) radial arterial catheterization.
- Experienced anesthesiologists performed procedures, which were video-recorded for analysis.
Main Results:
- First-pass success rate was significantly higher in the ultrasound-guided group (68%) compared to the palpation-guided group (38%).
- Fewer attempts were required for successful catheterization in the ultrasound-guided group (median 1 vs. 2).
- Procedural time to successful catheterization did not differ significantly between groups.
Conclusions:
- Ultrasound-guided radial arterial catheterization is effective in improving first-pass success rates in infants.
- This technique reduces the number of attempts required for successful arterial access in pediatric patients.
- Ultrasound guidance offers a valuable improvement for challenging infant vascular access procedures.
Background:
The usefulness of ultrasound-guided techniques for radial arterial catheterisation has been well identified; however, its usefulness has not been completely evaluated in infants under 12 months of age, who are generally considered the most difficult group for arterial catheterisation.
Objective:
We evaluated whether ultrasound guidance would improve success rates and reduce the number of attempts at radial arterial catheterisation in infants.
Design:
A randomised, controlled and patient-blinded study.
Setting:
Single-centre trial, study period from June 2016 to February 2017.
Patients:
Seventy-four infants undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
Intervention:
Patients were allocated randomly into either ultrasound-guided group (group US) or palpation-guided group (group P) (each n=37) according to the technique applied for radial arterial catheterisation. All arterial catheterisations were performed by one of two experienced anaesthesiologists based on group assignment and were recorded on video.
Main Outcome Measures:
The primary endpoint was the first-pass success. The number of attempts and total duration of the procedure until successful catheterisation were also analysed.
Results:
The first-pass success rate was significantly higher in the group US than in the group P (68 vs. 38%, P = 0.019). In addition, fewer attempts were needed for successful catheterisation in the group US than in the group P (median 1 [IQR 1 to 2] vs. 2 [1 to 4], P = 0.023). However, the median [IQR] procedural time (s) until successful catheterisation in the two groups was not significantly different (102 [49 to 394] vs. 218 [73 to 600], P = 0.054).
Conclusion:
The current study demonstrated that the ultrasound-guided technique for radial arterial catheterisation in infants effectively improved first-pass success rate and also reduced the number of attempts required.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02795468.
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