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Multiple Sclerosis: New Aspects of Immunopathogenesis.

Ines Lazibat1,2, Maja Rubinić Majdak2, Sven Županić2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves complex immune interactions. Emerging research highlights the critical role of B cells in directing the immune response and disease progression in MS.

Keywords:
B-LymphocytesImmunity, CellularInflammationMultiple SclerosisT-Lymphocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Immunopathology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex central nervous system disease involving inflammation and neurodegeneration.
  • The precise cause of MS remains unknown, with genetic, environmental, and immune factors implicated.
  • Historically, T lymphocytes were considered the primary drivers of MS immunopathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolving understanding of MS immunopathogenesis.
  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of B cells in the disease.
  • To support the integration of B cell-centric concepts into MS research and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on T cell and B cell interactions in MS.
  • Analysis of B cell functions including antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and antibody production.
  • Examination of B cell aggregates in the central nervous system.

Main Results:

  • B cells are now recognized as active participants in cellular immunity in MS.
  • B cells influence the intensity and quality of the immune response through various mechanisms.
  • Mechanisms include antigen presentation, T cell costimulation, cytokine secretion, antibody synthesis, and ectopic lymphoid structures.

Conclusions:

  • The immunopathogenesis of MS is a complex interplay between T and B cells.
  • B cells play a crucial and active role in MS, moving beyond a T cell-centric view.
  • The significance of B cells is validated by their targeting in modern MS therapies.