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Related Concept Videos

Correlations02:20

Correlations

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Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
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Correlation and Causation01:27

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Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
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Correlation01:09

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In statistics, two variables are said to be correlated if the values of one variable are associated with the other variable. Depending on the relationship between two variables, correlation can be of three types– positive correlation, negative correlation, and zero correlation.
Two variables, for example, a and b, are said to be positively correlated if both variables move in the same direction. In other words, a positive correlation exists between two variables, a and b, if:
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Underflow Gates01:30

Underflow Gates

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Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and...
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging
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Depth-resolved speckle-correlations imaging through scattering layers via coherence gating.

Ofer Salhov, Gil Weinberg, Ori Katz

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    This study introduces a new speckle-correlation imaging method for high-resolution depth-sectioning. The technique enables detailed 3D imaging of reflective targets through scattering media, overcoming previous limitations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Biomedical Imaging
    • Scattering Media Imaging

    Background:

    • Speckle-correlation imaging offers diffraction-limited imaging through scattering layers.
    • Current methods are limited to planar objects and lack depth information.
    • Existing techniques cannot provide depth-sectioning capability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To extend speckle-correlation imaging for high-resolution depth-sectioning in reflection mode.
    • To enable 3D imaging of reflective targets through scattering layers.
    • To combine speckle-correlation with coherence gating for enhanced imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of coherence gating via low-coherence holography with speckle-correlation imaging.
    • Utilizing reflection mode for depth measurements.
    • Demonstration of depth measurements and imaging through scattering media.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high-resolution depth-sectioning capability in speckle-correlation imaging.
    • Successfully demonstrated depth measurements of reflective targets through scattering layers.
    • Enabled speckle-correlation imaging using coherence-gated scattered light.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed technique overcomes limitations of previous speckle-correlation methods.
    • High-resolution depth-sectioning is now achievable through scattering media.
    • This advancement broadens the applicability of speckle-correlation imaging for 3D profiling.