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Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in children in northern Spain

Natividad Viguria1,2, Iván Martínez-Baz2,3,4, Laura Moreno-Galarraga1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.

Plos One
|November 16, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations peak in winter, primarily affecting infants under one year old. Infants born in fall face higher risks, with younger age and comorbidities increasing intensive care needs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of pediatric respiratory illness.
  • Understanding RSV morbidity patterns is crucial for public health planning and vaccine strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics and temporal distribution of pediatric hospitalizations due to RSV in Spain.
  • To identify risk factors for severe RSV outcomes and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive study analyzing hospital discharge data of children under 5 years old with RSV infection.
  • Data spanned five RSV seasons (2010-2011 to 2014-2015) from a Spanish pediatric hospital.

Main Results:

  • 647 hospitalizations were analyzed, with 94% occurring between November and March.
  • Most affected children (72%) were under one year old and previously healthy.
  • Infants born in fall (Oct-Dec) had the highest hospitalization risk in their first year.
  • Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission was higher for infants <2 months (aOR 4.15) and those with comorbidities (aOR 4.15).
  • Median hospital stay was 6 days for those with comorbidities versus 3 days for healthy infants.

Conclusions:

  • RSV poses a high hospitalization risk during infancy, particularly for those born in the fall.
  • Younger age (<2 months) and comorbidities are key risk factors for PICU admission.
  • RSV lethality was low at 0.3%.
Abstract

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