Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Published on: August 20, 2019
The Neurophysiological Effect of Acoustic Stimulation with Real-time Sleep Spindle Detection
Abstract:
Sleep spindle is a salient brain activity found in the sigma frequency range (11-16 Hz) during sleep stage 2. It has been demonstrated that sleep spindle is related to memory consolidation, neurodegenerative disease, and mental disorders. Slow wave activity (0.5-4 Hz) is the most prominent EEG activity during sleep and appears as a large, spontaneous synchronization of cortical neurons. The role of slow wave activity has been proposed to regulate synaptic strength and memory consolidation. Many studies have investigated the effect of acoustic stimuli during the sleep slow wave. However, there have been few studies which investigated an effect of acoustic stimulation during sleep spindle activity. In this study, we examined the neurophysiological effect of acoustic stimulation during sleep spindle activity. We delivered pink noise after the detection of sleep spindle, and surmised that acoustic stimulation after sleep spindle detection may preserve delta activity during ongoing sleep. Further, we observed suppression of the sleep spindle activity around the times of acoustic stimulation and evoked slow wave activity and theta band activity immediately after tone onset.
Related Concept Videos
The Mitotic Spindle
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
Spindle Assembly
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
Real Time RT-PCR
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Stages of Sleep
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...

