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Related Concept Videos

Reinforcement01:23

Reinforcement

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Positive and negative reinforcement are key concepts in operant conditioning, a learning process where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, increasing the frequency of that behavior. For example:
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Corrosion of Reinforcement01:27

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The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
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Reinforcement Schedules01:24

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Positive reinforcement is a powerful method for teaching new behaviors to both animals and humans. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments using rats in a Skinner box. When a rat pressed a lever, it received a food pellet. This immediate reward encouraged the rat to repeat the behavior. This method, where a reward follows every instance of the behavior, is known as continuous reinforcement. It is highly effective for establishing new behaviors quickly.
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Reinforced concrete is a composite material used extensively in construction, combining the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel. This synergy is essential as concrete, while excellent at resisting compression, is weak under tension. Steel bars, or rebars, are embedded in the concrete to handle these tensile forces. The choice of steel is strategic; it shares a similar coefficient of thermal expansion with concrete, which ensures uniformity in response to...
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Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Electrophysiological Measurements and Analysis of Nociception in Human Infants
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Development of a Human Infant Feeding Reinforcement System.

Poornima Dharmavaram, Kai Ling Kong, Stephanie Anzman-Frasca

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |November 17, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed the INfant FEeding Reinforcement System (INFERS) to study infant food reinforcement. This smart device accurately measures infant feeding behaviors and the effort required to obtain milk.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Nutrition
    • Infant Behavior Studies
    • Developmental Psychology

    Background:

    • Understanding infant feeding behaviors is crucial for assessing nutritional intake and developmental milestones.
    • Current methods for studying food reinforcement in infants are limited.
    • Investigating the relationship between effort and reward in early feeding is essential for developmental research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel, custom-made device for studying food reinforcement in infants under nine months old.
    • To enable objective data collection on infant feeding patterns and effort expenditure.
    • To facilitate research into the motivational aspects of infant feeding.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of the INfant FEeding Reinforcement System (INFERS), incorporating a smart feeding controller and milk delivery system.
    • Construction of the device using a combination of custom and off-the-shelf components.
    • Pilot testing of the INFERS device with three human infants.

    Main Results:

    • The INFERS device demonstrated proper functionality in pilot tests.
    • The system successfully collected data on infant feeding activity.
    • Initial data allowed for correlation between infant effort and milk acquisition.

    Conclusions:

    • The INFERS device is a viable tool for investigating food reinforcement in young infants.
    • This system provides a new avenue for objective research into infant feeding motivation.
    • Further studies using INFERS can enhance our understanding of early nutritional and developmental processes.